Setting
Setting is more than place or time, it evokes emotion, not only to let us know how the character is feeling but also gives us clues as to what might happen and if the narrator is trustworthy or not.
Setting can occur during a long period of time, or even a moment.
If you get stuck during nano and want to get on track, think about these words:
above
before
below
after
toward
beyond
Atmosphere is part of setting, including the time of day, period in history, the weather, and the decor of a place.
Setting can help you SHOW instead of TELL about how your character perceives the world. It can be harmonious (happy person in a cozy place) or conflicted (sad person, everyone around is happy). You can begin to learn to use symbolism here to hint about the future for your characters. Your setting can be familiar to everyone and your characters (home, forests, mountains, sea) or it can be alien (planet zooknob where the trees are pink and creatures the size of elephants hang from trees by their beaver tails).
Much can happen in the setting, or not much at all (See Edgar Allen Poe for examples of long passages that are the character's imaginings rather than actual events).
You can summarize, you can flashback, you can use slow motion or speed things up.
If you get stuck, here are some writing assignments to help you get through (based on Writing Fiction by Janet Burroway)
1. write a scene where your character is uncomfortable in a setting, such as barbie in a boy's locker room, or a dragon warrior tiptoeing through a field of flowers.
2. Write a scene where the setting is familiar to you, but not to your characters. Perhaps they transport there via magic... use lots of descriptive words and active verbs to let us know how foreign it feels to them.
3. Write a scene where your characters argue about going to a particular place. Do they go? Make sure you really have them argue it out, and one convinces the other (to go or not).
4. Write a scene where your character's mood is opposite that of the weather. Do they change their mood? Does the weather change?